The Bernoulli Assembly Line: The Analytical and Semi-Analytical Evaluation of Steady-State Performance

Assembly lines are one of the cornerstones modern production systems, significantly affecting global society, economy, and other ancillary sectors. This is why evaluation assembly particularly significant. Hence, research on modeling approaches presented in this paper, yielding an efficient mathematical tool that enables steady-state performance at low CPU cost. First, analytical model transition matrix were developed for general case, second, dimensionality issues demanding computational requirements tackled by applying finite state method. Both employed different theoretical cases order to validate method against solution. Additionally, framework was applied case a realistic system, obtained results successfully validated factory floor measurements. The comparison proves as reliable CPU-efficient method, suitable its key indicators well implementation within more sophisticated design procedures. kind predictive analytics intended support management enhance reliability long- short-term decision-making context digital twinning systems.